Examination Questions for the Lower Limb

1. Cancerous lymph nodes may envelope and destroy adjacent structures as it grows. A physician might suspect involvement of lymph nodes in the anterolateral pelvis because one of the following movements in a patient is weakened or lost. Which movement is it?
  1. lateral rotation of the thigh
  2. adduction of the thigh
  3. extension of the knee
  4. abduction of the thigh
  5. flexion of the thigh
B
2. Which group of muscles below is supplied by the obturator nerve?
  1. the chief adductors of the thigh
  2. the chief lateral rotators of the thigh
  3. the chief flexors of the thigh
  4. the chief extensors of the thigh
  5. the chief abductors of the thigh
A
3. If the foot is permanently dorsiflexed (extended) and everted, which nerve is NOT functioning properly?
  1. femoral
  2. tibial
  3. deep peroneal
  4. common peroneal
  5. superficial peroneal
B
4. The greater sciatic notch is formed into a foramen by which of the following ligaments?
  1. interosseous sacroiliac
  2. sacrospinous
  3. dorsal sacroiliac
  4. uterosacral
  5. arcuate
B
5. Nerves can frequently be compressed against bony structures in the lower limb. The nerve that rests against the head and neck of the fibula is the:
  1. saphenous
  2. common peroneal
  3. lateral sural cutaneous
  4. tibial
  5. medial sural cutaneous
B
6. Of the following, which is the principal invertor of the foot?
  1. peroneus longus
  2. tibialis anterior
  3. popliteus
  4. soleus
  5. gastrocnemius
B
7. At the ankle joint, the tibia and fibula articulate with the:
  1. cuboid
  2. calcaneus
  3. talus
  4. cuneiform
  5. navicular
C
8. The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located in which layer of the sole of the foot?
  1. first
  2. second
  3. third
  4. fourth
  5. fifth
A
9. If the area marked "A" is numb to the touch, which nerve is not functioning?

  1. tibial
  2. deep peroneal
  3. superficial peroneal
  4. medial sural cutaneous
  5. lateral sural cutaneous
B
Select the lettered choice that best fits where the numbered muscle acts.

10. rectus femoris  C

11. sartorius  C

12. soleus  D

13. pectineus  A

14. peroneus longus  D

15. adductor magnus A
  1. hip joint
  2. knee joint
  3. both
  4. neither
11. What is the structure labeled A? tibialis anterior
12. The ligament which prevents forward (anterior) displacement of the femur at the knee joint is the:
  1. anterior cruciate ligament
  2. transverse ligament
  3. posterior cruciate ligament
  4. tibial collateral ligament
  5. popliteal ligament
C
13. The most powerful extensor of the thigh is the:
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. psoas major
  3. iliacus
  4. obturator externus
  5. piriformis
A
14. Which of the following is found superficially immediately anterior to the medial malleolus?
  1. small saphenous vein
  2. greater saphenous vein
  3. dorsalis pedis artery
  4. arcuate artery
  5. anterior tibial artery
B
15. A man was hit in the leg by a baseball bat producing a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula and damaging a major nerve to the leg. Physical findings that would be found is/are:
  1. inability to plantar flex his foot
  2. inability to dorsiflex his foot
  3. the foot would be everted
  4. flexion of the leg is lost
  5. extension of the leg is lost
B
16. Which of the following runs through a groove underneath the sustentaculum tali?
  1. peroneus longus tendon
  2. tibialis posterior artery
  3. flexor hallucis longus tendon
  4. tibialis nerve
  5. flexor digitorum longus tendon
C
17. In the following list what is the main invertor of the foot is the:
  1. peroneus brevis
  2. tibialis posterior
  3. flexor hallucis longus
  4. flexor digitorum longus
  5. peroneus longus
B
For questions 18 to 24, match the lettered structure with the numbered statement or phrase:
18. primary external (lateral) rotator of the thigh E
19. antagonist of quadriceps femoris C
20. arises from iliac crest D
21. an antagonist to the gluteus maximus B
22. a primary abductor of the thigh B
23. passes through the greater sciatic notch E
24. attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur A
  1. iliopsoas
  2. gluteus medius
  3. biceps femoris
  4. tensor fasciae latae
  5. piriformis
25. If a patient cannot stand on his heal, which nerve is not functioning?
  1. tibial nerve
  2. femoral nerve
  3. medial plantar nerve
  4. deep peroneal nerve
  5. obturator nerve
D
26. Which of these ligaments helps most to prevent overextension (hyperextension) at the hip joint?
  1. pubofemoral
  2. iliofemoral
  3. ischiofemoral
  4. ligamentum teres femoris
  5. scarotuberous
B
27. Following a car accident and some healing time, a patient is not able to rise from a sitting position. This could be due to a lesion of which of the following nerves?
  1. femoral
  2. obturator
  3. nerve to iliopsoas
  4. superior gluteal
  5. inferior gluteal
E
28. When you stand on one foot, the free limb has a tendency to drop. Which of the following prevents this from happening?
  1. biceps femoris
  2. gluteus maximus
  3. piriformis
  4. gluteus medius
  5. iliacus
D
29. The nerve that is responsible for the above is the:
  1. femoral
  2. superior gluteal
  3. inferior gluteal
  4. obturator
  5. pudendal
B
30. Which of the following dorsiflexes the foot but also inverts it?
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallucis
  3. extensor digitorum longus
  4. tibialis posterior
  5. peroneus longus
A
31. Which of the following is NOT a lateral rotator of the hip?
  1. piriformis
  2. gluteus medius
  3. obturator internus
  4. obturator externus
  5. quadratus femoris
B
32. As the sciatic nerve passes vertically from the gluteal region into the thigh, it runs midway between the ischial tuberosity and the:
  1. iliac crest
  2. symphysis pubis
  3. greater trochanter
  4. ischial ramus
  5. lesser trochanter
C
33. A quick way to check the function a one of the nerves of the leg is to pinch the skin between the big toe and 2nd toe. Which nerve are you checking?
  1. deep peroneal
  2. lateral plantar
  3. sural
  4. saphenous
  5. superficial peroneal
A
Match the following numbered items with the lettered structures on the image.

34. greater trochanter of femurC
35. sacrotuberous ligamentA
36. iliac crestE
37. greater sciatic foramenB
38. ischial tuberosityD
39. By knowing where the major vessels and nerves are located in the gluteal region, you should know where the safest place would be to administer an intramuscular injection. It is in:
  1. the lower medial quadrant
  2. upper medial quadrant
  3. upper lateral quadrant
  4. lower lateral quadrant
  5. none of the above
C
40. The medial border of the femoral triangle is formed by the:
  1. sartorius muscle
  2. adductor longus muscle
  3. inguinal ligament
  4. pubic tubercle
  5. none of the above
B
41. Which muscle is NOT a flexor of the thigh?
  1. pectineus
  2. rectus femoris
  3. iliopsoas
  4. sartorius
  5. adductor magnum
E
42. Paralysis of the quadriceps femoris results MAINLY is loss of:
  1. lateral rotation of the leg
  2. extension of the leg
  3. flexion of the thigh
  4. extension of the thigh
  5. flexion of the leg
B
43. Severance of this nerve severely weakens extension of the leg at the knee. B

44. This nerve innervates a muscle that inserts onto the greater trochanter. D
  1. obturator nerve
  2. femoral nerve
  3. both
  4. neither
Questions 45 - 46 are related to the lettered items to the right:
45. Severance of the superficial peroneal nerve would weaken this/these movement(s): A

46. The tibialis anterior and posterior muscles bring about this/these movement/s: B
  1. eversion of the foot
  2. inversion of the foot
  3. both
  4. neither
47. Which of the following muscles is NOT a lateral rotator of the thigh?
  1. gemellus
  2. tensor fasciae latae
  3. obturator externus
  4. obturator internus
  5. piriformis
B
48. The medial plantar nerve is a branch of the:
  1. femoral
  2. obturator
  3. common peroneal
  4. tibial
  5. saphenous
D
49. The dorsalis pedis artery is usually a direct continuation of which artery?
  1. femoral
  2. popliteal
  3. peroneal
  4. anterior tibial
  5. posterior tibial
D
Questions 50 - 52 are related to the lettered items to the right:
50. A large muscle that is used rising from a squat or sitting position A

51. the chief flexor of the thigh B

52. has an origin from the ischial tuberosity C
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. iliopsoas
  3. biceps femoris
  4. rectus femoris
  5. gluteus medius
53. Following a football injury, a physician grabbed hold of a players leg and noticed that the tibia could be moved anteriorly with undue freedom, especially when the knee was flexed. This disability should be diagnosed as a torn:
  1. anterior cruciate ligament
  2. lateral collateral ligament
  3. medial collateral ligament
  4. posterior cruciate ligament
  5. oblique popliteal ligament
A
54. A misplaced intramuscular injection into the gluteal region infiltrated the sciatic nerve and its surroundings, giving rise to temporary paralysis of the muscles supplied by that nerve. All of the following would be involved EXCEPT for the:
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. soleus
  3. peroneus brevis
  4. gracilis
  5. popliteus
D
Match questions 55 and 56 with the proper lettered phrase to the right:
55. tibial (medial) collateral ligament) A

56. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament D
  1. is attached to the medial meniscus
  2. is attached to the lateral meninscus
  3. extends between the lateral condyle of the femur and the tibial condyle
  4. is outside the joint capsule
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.


Practice Examinations

Upper Limb Practice Written Exam

Head and Neck Practice Written Exam

Head and Neck Practice Practical

Head and Neck Practice practical for Netscape users

Thorax Practice Written Exam

Abdomen Practice Written Exam

Pelvis and Perineum Written Exam

Lower Limb Practice Written Exam

General Anatomy Information




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cadaver dissection This is copyrighted©1999 by Wesley Norman, PhD